Table of Contents

Introduction     1

I.       Overview of Key Issues     3

II.      Assessment Criteria     5

III.     Review of Proposals    7

IV.     Summaries of Proposals     19

         Ability to Pay     19         
         Agreed Domestic Carbon Taxes    20
         Bottom-Up    21
         Brazilian Proposal    22
         Broad but Shallow Beginning    23
         Climate Marshall Plan    24
         Contraction and Convergence    25
         Converging Markets     26
         Domestic Hybrid Trading Schemes    27
         Dual Intensity Targets     28
         Dual Track     29
         Equal Mitigation Costs    30
         Expanded “Common but Differentiated”    31
         Further Differentiation    32
         Global Framework:  Kyoto, Decarbonization, and Adaptation    33
         Global Preference Score    34
         Global Triptych / Extended Global Triptych    35
         Graduation and Deepening    36
         Growth Baselines    37
         Harmonized Carbon Taxes    38
         Human Development Goals with Low Emissions    39
         Hybrid International Emissions Trading    40
         Insurance for Adaptation Funded by Emissions Trading    41
         International Agreements on Energy Efficiency    42
         Keep It Simple, Stupid (KISS)    43
         Long-Term Permit Program    44
         Multi-Dimensional Structure    45
         Multi-Sector Convergence    46
         Multistage / New Multistage    47
         Orchestra of Treaties    48
         Parallel Climate Policy    49
         Per Capita Allocation    50
         Portfolio Approach    51
         Purchase of a Global Public Good    52
         Safety Valve    53
         Safety Valve with Buyer Liability    54
         Soft Landing in Emissions Growth    55
         South-North Dialogue    56
         Sustainable Development Policies and Measures (SD-PAMs)    57
         Technology Backstop Protocol    58
         Technology-Centered Approach    59
         Three-Part Policy Architecture    60
         Two-Part Commitments for Industrialized Countries    61
         UNFCCC Impact Response Instrument    62

Endnotes     63